When was octavia minor born

As a consequence, Octavia was ordered to marry Mark Antony. She had been alone for only a couple of months, and was officially still in mourning for her first husband. Many people were hoping that the child would be a son, which would tie Octavian and Mark Antony even closer. Probably, the peace-bringing child mentioned in Virgil 's Fourth Eclogue is a reference to these hopes. The child, however, was a girl: Antonia Maior, born in the late summer of Antonia Minor was born on 31 January Marc Antony was not there when this girl was born, because he was involved in a serious war against the Parthian Empire.

In the east, he fell in love with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII Philopator , but this did not damage his marriage beyond repair. She tried to mediate between her husband and her brother. In 35, she was still trying to get troops for her husband's campaign, when her brother ordered her to return to Rome. In 32, Mark Antony divorced her; one year later, Octavian and his admiral Agrippa defeated him in the naval battle of Actium.

Cleopatra and Mark Antony committed suicide, and Octavia was made responsible for their children. She was almost forty years old, did not remarry, and appears to have remained in the background, educating Marcus Claudius Marcellus, the two Claudias, the two Antonias, and the children Mark Antony had from his wifes Fulvia and Cleopatra: Iullus Antonius, Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, and Ptolemy Philadelphus. Seven of the nine children were to marry important people, and we can see how Octavia's brother, who was now sole ruler of the Roman world and called himself Augustus, tried to found a dynasty.

This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother Octavian and Mark Antony; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony.

Between 40 and 36 BC, she travelled with Antony to various provinces and lived with him in his Athenian mansion. There she raised her children by Marcellus as well as Antony's two sons; the two daughters of her marriage to Antony, Antonia Major and Antonia Minor, were born there. The alliance was severely tested by Antony's abandonment of Octavia and their children in favor of his former lover Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt Antony and Cleopatra had met in 41 BC, an interaction that resulted in Cleopatra bearing twins, a boy and a girl.

After 36 BC, Octavia returned to Rome with the daughters of her second marriage. On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother. Mark Antony divorced Octavia in 32 BC, after she had supplied him with men and troops, in 35 BC, to be used in his eastern campaigns. Following Antony's rejection of her, their divorce, and his eventual suicide in 30 BC, Octavia became sole caretaker of their children as well as guardian of Antony's children from his unions with both Fulvia and Cleopatra:.

Augustus adored, but never adopted, her son Marcellus. When Marcellus died of illness in 23 BC unexpectedly, Augustus was thunderstruck, Octavia disconsolate almost beyond recovery. Revived only with difficulty, she sent Vergil ten-thousand sesterces for each of the verses. She may have never fully recovered from the death of her son and retired from public life, except on important occasions.

Some facts dispute Seneca's version, for Octavia publicly opened the Library of Marcellus, dedicated in his memory, while her brother completed the Marcellus's theatre in his honor. Undoubtedly Octavia attended both ceremonies, as well as the Ara Pacis ceremony to welcome her brother's return in 13 from the provinces.

She was also consulted in regard to, and in some versions advised, that Julia marry Agrippa after her mourning for Marcellus ended. Agrippa had to divorce Octavia's daughter Claudia Marcella Major in order to marry Julia, so Augustus wanted Octavia's endorsement very much.

Octavia died of natural causes. Suetonius says she died in Augustus' 54th year, thus 10 BC with Roman inclusive counting.

Her funeral was a public one, with her sons-in-law Drusus, Ahenobarbus, Iullus Antony, and possibly Paullus Aemillius Lepidus carrying her to the grave in the Mausoleum of Augustus. De auteur van deze publicatie hoort het graag van u! Hou me op de hoogte! Want to receive the English version of the Genealogie Online Newsletter? Genealogische publicaties zijn auteursrechtelijk beschermd. Alhoewel gegevens veelal uit openbare archieven afkomstig zijn, levert het opzoeken, interpreteren, verzamelen, selecteren en ordenen van die gegevens een uniek werk op.

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